Neural mechanisms and circuit foundations of conscious and unconscious dysfunction in schizophrenia

Table 4 Neural circuit and molecular mechanisms linking conscious and unconscious functions

Ref.	Domain	Neural/circuit systems discussed
[8,12,13,15,19,20,41]	Global neuronal workspace/conscious broadcasting	Framework for conscious access and ignition-like large-scale integration
[8,22,54,59]	Dysconnection	Large-scale failure of coordinated integration across neural systems
[4,8,15,25,54,59,71]	NMDA receptor-related dysfunction	Reduced recurrent integration, altered filtering, impaired predictive coding and conscious access
[8,54,77,104]	GABAergic dysfunction/synchrony disturbance	Altered long-range oscillatory coordination and weakened integration
[25,26,68]	Cholinergic modulation	Sensory-gating-related modulation, including nicotinic mechanisms
[1,6,24,76]	Thalamocortical disturbance	Abnormal relay, filtering, and integration of sensory and higher-order signals
[39]	Claustrum	Discussed as a multimodal integration hub
[78-82]	Orbitofrontal latent-state representation	Supports inferred state representation, latent learning, and flexible updating
[13,15,54,77,104]	Neural synchronization/temporal binding	One mechanism linking unconscious processing with conscious integration

NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate.