Predictive factors for post-cerebral infarction depression: A retrospective study of 156 patients

Table 4 Laboratory biomarkers in post-stroke depression and post-stroke depression groups, mean ± SD/n (%)

Biomarker	PSD group (n = 68)	Non-PSD group (n = 88)	P value
Inflammatory markers
IL-6 (pg/mL)	8.6 ± 2.1	4.2 ± 1.3	< 0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	16.8 ± 3.5	9.5 ± 2.2	< 0.001
hs-CRP (mg/L)	13.2 ± 4.1	7.8 ± 2.5	< 0.001
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	468 ± 72	372 ± 55	< 0.001
Neurotrophic factors
BDNF (ng/mL)	12.5 ± 3.8	22.7 ± 5.6	< 0.001
IGF-1 (ng/mL)	85.3 ± 20.5	118.6 ± 25.8	< 0.001
Neuroendocrine markers
Morning cortisol (nmol/L)	395.2 ± 98.7	318.4 ± 72.3	< 0.001
ACTH (pg/mL)	42.8 ± 8.5	34.6 ± 6.8	< 0.001
24 hours urinary cortisol (μg/24 hours)	125.3 ± 32.5	98.6 ± 24.8	< 0.001
Diurnal cortisol variation (%)	22.5 ± 5.3	36.8 ± 6.5	< 0.001
Cortisol awakening response	145.8 ± 35.2	182.5 ± 42.6	0.006
Metabolic markers
Homocysteine (μmol/L)	18.5 ± 5.2	13.8 ± 4.1	< 0.001
Folic acid (ng/mL)	6.2 ± 2.1	8.5 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)	285 ± 75	352 ± 90	0.003
HbA1c (%)	6.8 ± 1.2	6.3 ± 1.0	0.048
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.2 ± 0.9	2.9 ± 0.8	0.102
Albumin (g/L)	36.5 ± 4.2	39.8 ± 3.8	0.015

IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IGF-1: Insulin like growth factor-1; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; HbA1c: Hlycated hemoglobin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PSD: Post-stroke depression.