Sleep disturbance and inflammatory markers associated with post-stroke depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment

doi:10.5498/wjp.119902

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 119902
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.119902

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with stroke, n (%)

Characteristics	Overall cohort (n = 160)
Age, years, mean ± SD	62.24 ± 10.33
Sex
Male	62 (38.75)
Female	98 (61.25)
Stroke type
Ischemic stroke	123 (76.88)
Hemorrhagic stroke	37 (23.13)
NIHSS score, median (IQR)	5 (4, 7)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	97 (60.63)
Diabetes mellitus	47 (29.38)
Cardiovascular disease	42 (26.25)
Acute-phase inflammatory markers, median (IQR)
CRP, mg/L	8.46 (6.66, 14.21)
IL-6, pg/mL	8.32 (6.81, 10.35)
TNF-α, pg/mL	9.51 (8.04, 11.22)
NLR	2.66 (2.25, 3.74)
PSQI score, median (IQR)	7 (4, 10)

NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IQR: Interquartile range; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

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Citation: Zhao ZG, Qian C, Zhu HJ, Xu ZY. Sleep disturbance and inflammatory markers associated with post-stroke depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 119902
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/119902.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.119902

Zhao ZG, Qian C, Zhu HJ, Xu ZY. Sleep disturbance and inflammatory markers associated with post-stroke depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 119902 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.119902]

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