Impact of narrative support on stigma, anxiety, and depression in young and middle-aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis

Table 2 Comparison of stigma, mean ± SD

Characteristics	Observation group (n = 85)	Control group (n = 73)	P1
Total SIS score
Pre-intervention	70.04 ± 7.57	70.98 ± 8.29	0.458
Post-intervention	51.06 ± 9.08	63.62 ± 8.31	< 0.001
P2	< 0.001	< 0.001	-
Social exclusion
Pre-intervention	25.64 ± 4.82	25.56 ± 5.98	0.926
Post-intervention	18.09 ± 4.26	23.33 ± 4.91	< 0.001
P2	< 0.001	0.015	-
Financial insecurity
Pre-intervention	9.62 ± 2.71	9.58 ± 2.83	0.928
Post-intervention	7.41 ± 2.85	9.37 ± 2.64	< 0.001
P2	< 0.001	0.644	-
Internalized shame
Pre-intervention	16.03 ± 2.24	16.65 ± 2.18	0.081
Post-intervention	11.24 ± 3.62	14.73 ± 2.32	< 0.001
P2	< 0.001	< 0.001	-
Social isolation
Pre-intervention	18.75 ± 4.66	19.10 ± 4.49	0.633
Post-intervention	14.32 ± 5.02	16.19 ± 3.45	0.008
P2	< 0.001	< 0.001	-

¹Comparison between the observation and control groups.

²Within-group comparison of the pre- and post-intervention values.

SIS: Social Impact Scale.