Effectiveness of social skills education and sandplay therapy for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid anxiety

doi:10.5498/wjp.119180

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Randomized Controlled Trial

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 119180
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.119180

Table 5 Comparison of Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale scores before and after intervention in the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	Observation time	Behavior	Intelligence and school situation	Physical appearance and attributes	Anxiety
Observation group	Before intervention	8.13 ± 1.37	7.44 ± 0.98	5.69 ± 1.24	6.84 ± 1.63
Observation group	After intervention	10.07 ± 1.96	8.12 ± 1.13	6.89 ± 1.57^a	8.07 ± 1.85^a
Control group	Before intervention	8.24 ± 1.67	7.69 ± 1.26	5.53 ± 0.96	7.04 ± 1.24
Control group	After intervention	9.27 ± 1.57	7.94 ± 0.83	6.07 ± 1.03	7.12 ± 1.38

^aP < 0.05, t ≥ 2.009 or F ≥ 4.029, compared with the control group.

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Citation: Ju CP, Zhang Y, Tan CY. Effectiveness of social skills education and sandplay therapy for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid anxiety. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 119180
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/119180.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.119180