Post-traumatic sleep disturbance and psychological distress after chest trauma: A five-year observational study of incidence, predictors, recovery outcomes

doi:10.5498/wjp.119050

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 119050
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.119050

Table 5 Correlation matrix between sleep quality and psychological measures at the 12-month follow-up visit

	PSQI	HADS-A	HADS-D	IES-R	Intrusion	Avoidance	Hyperarousal
PSQI	1.00
HADS-A	0.62^a	1.00
HADS-D	0.58^a	0.68^a	1.00
IES-R total	0.67^a	0.72^a	0.64^a	1.00
Intrusion	0.64^a	0.68^a	0.56^a	0.92^a	1.00
Avoidance	0.52^a	0.58^a	0.54^a	0.86^a	0.72^a	1.00
Hyperarousal	0.71^a	0.74^a	0.62^a	0.88^a	0.78^a	0.68^a	1.00
Pain NRS	0.48^a	0.42^a	0.38^a	0.44^a	0.42^a	0.36^a	0.46^a

^aP < 0.001.

PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale; IES-R: Impact of Event Scale-Revised; NRS: Numeric Rating Scale.

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Citation: Sun ZY, Gong H, Zhu PZ, Xia HG, Zhu DQ, Zhang HQ, Zhang JH, Wang DB. Post-traumatic sleep disturbance and psychological distress after chest trauma: A five-year observational study of incidence, predictors, recovery outcomes. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 119050
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/119050.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.119050

Sun ZY, Gong H, Zhu PZ, Xia HG, Zhu DQ, Zhang HQ, Zhang JH, Wang DB. Post-traumatic sleep disturbance and psychological distress after chest trauma: A five-year observational study of incidence, predictors, recovery outcomes. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 119050 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.119050]

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