Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury

Figure 2 Adverse events in the three treatment groups. A: Overall adverse event rates among the combination group (14.0%, 12/86), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) group (8.7%, 8/92), and control group (0%, 0/78). There was no statistically significant difference between the combination group and rTMS group (χ² = 1.326, P = 0.250); B: Distribution of specific adverse event types. In the combination group: Mild headache (n = 5), scalp tingling (n = 4), and transient dizziness (n = 3). In the rTMS group: Mild headache (n = 4), scalp discomfort (n = 3), and transient nausea (n = 1). All adverse events were mild and self-limiting. rTMS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.