Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury

doi:10.5498/wjp.118371

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 118371
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.118371

Table 4 Univariate logistic regression analysis of treatment response

Variable	B	SE	OR (95%CI)	Wald	P value
Gender (male = 1)	-0.125	0.285	0.88 (0.50-1.54)	0.192	0.661
Age	0.086	0.092	1.09 (0.91-1.30)	0.875	0.350
Illness duration	-0.042	0.018	0.96 (0.93-0.99)	5.445	0.020
Treatment regimen (control as reference)				22.56	< 0.001
rTMS group	0.785	0.312	2.19 (1.19-4.04)	6.325	0.012
Combination group	1.652	0.365	5.22 (2.55-10.68)	20.48	< 0.001
Comorbid depression (yes = 1)	0.625	0.268	1.87 (1.10-3.16)	5.445	0.020
Comorbid anxiety disorder (yes = 1)	0.312	0.265	1.37 (0.81-2.30)	1.385	0.239
Childhood trauma history (yes = 1)	-0.485	0.262	0.62 (0.37-1.03)	3.426	0.064
Baseline SHI score	0.025	0.022	1.03 (0.98-1.07)	1.292	0.256
Baseline BDI-II score	0.018	0.018	1.02 (0.98-1.05)	1.000	0.317
Baseline BIS-11 score	-0.028	0.014	0.97 (0.95-1.00)	4.000	0.046
Baseline DERS score	-0.022	0.008	0.98(0.96-0.99)	7.563	0.006

rTMS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SHI: Self-Harm Inventory; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Liu HZ, Liu WG, Fu HQ, Lv H, Liu C, Li CX. Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 118371
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/118371.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.118371

Liu HZ, Liu WG, Fu HQ, Lv H, Liu C, Li CX. Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 118371 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.118371]

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