Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury

doi:10.5498/wjp.118371

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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World J Psychiatry. Sep 19, 2026; 16(9): 118371
Published online Sep 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.118371

Table 2 Comparison of scale scores before and after treatment among three groups (mean ± SD, points)

Measure	Time	Combination group (n = 86)	rTMS group (n = 92)	Control group (n = 78)	F value	P value
SHI	Pre-treatment	29.5 ± 7.2	28.8 ± 6.8	29.2 ± 7.0	0.225	0.799
	Post-treatment	10.8 ± 4.8^a	15.2 ± 5.5^a	19.6 ± 6.2^a	52.36	< 0.001
	Improvement	18.7 ± 5.2	13.6 ± 4.8	9.6 ± 4.5	68.52	< 0.001
BDI-II	Pre-treatment	27.2 ± 8.5	26.5 ± 8.2	27.0 ± 8.8	0.168	0.845
	Post-treatment	12.5 ± 5.6^a	16.8 ± 6.2^a	20.5 ± 7.0^a	35.62	< 0.001
	Improvement	14.7 ± 4.8	9.7 ± 4.2	6.5 ± 3.8	72.86	< 0.001
BAI	Pre-treatment	25.6 ± 7.8	24.8 ± 7.5	25.2 ± 8.0	0.245	0.783
	Post-treatment	11.2 ± 4.8^a	15.5 ± 5.6^a	18.8 ± 6.2^a	38.56	< 0.001
	Improvement	14.4 ± 4.5	9.3 ± 4.0	6.4 ± 3.6	78.25	< 0.001
BIS-11	Pre-treatment	73.5 ± 11.2	72.8 ± 10.8	74.2 ± 11.5	0.358	0.699
	Post-treatment	54.2 ± 9.5^a	60.5 ± 10.2^a	66.8 ± 11.0^a	32.15	< 0.001
	Improvement	19.3 ± 5.8	12.3 ± 5.2	7.4 ± 4.5	95.62	< 0.001
DERS	Pre-treatment	110.5 ± 19.2	108.6 ± 18.5	111.2 ± 20.1	0.425	0.654
	Post-treatment	70.5 ± 14.2^a	82.6 ± 15.8^a	95.5 ± 17.2^a	48.26	< 0.001
	Improvement	40.0 ± 10.5	26.0 ± 9.2	15.7 ± 8.5	125.8	< 0.001

^aP < 0.01 vs pre-treatment within group.

rTMS: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SHI: Self-Harm Inventory; BIS-11: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; DERS: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory.

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Citation: Liu HZ, Liu WG, Fu HQ, Lv H, Liu C, Li CX. Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 118371
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i9/118371.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.118371

Liu HZ, Liu WG, Fu HQ, Lv H, Liu C, Li CX. Combined transcranial direct current and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescent non-suicidal self-injury. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(9): 118371 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.118371]

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