Comprehensive psychological and neurological rehabilitation for post-stroke depression: A retrospective comparative study with biomarker exploration

doi:10.5498/wjp.122383

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2026; 16(8): 122383
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.122383

Table 4 Serum biomarker profiles at baseline and 12-week follow-up, mean ± SD/n (%)

Biomarker	CRG baseline	CRG 12 weeks	CG baseline	CG 12 weeks	Inter-group P (12 weeks)
Neuropeptides and neurotrophins
NPY (pg/mL)	76.2 ± 15.8	98.6 ± 18.4^a	74.8 ± 16.5	80.5 ± 17.2	< 0.001
BDNF (ng/mL)	13.8 ± 4.6	22.5 ± 5.2^a	13.5 ± 4.4	15.2 ± 4.8	< 0.001
NGF (pg/mL)	42.5 ± 10.2	58.8 ± 12.6^a	41.8 ± 10.8	46.2 ± 11.5	< 0.001
VEGF (pg/mL)	185.2 ± 42.5	248.6 ± 55.8^a	182.8 ± 40.8	198.5 ± 45.2	< 0.001
Inflammatory cytokines
IL-1β (pg/mL)	10.5 ± 2.6	5.8 ± 2.2^a	10.8 ± 2.8	8.5 ± 2.5^a	< 0.001
IL-6 (pg/mL)	9.8 ± 2.5	5.2 ± 1.8^a	10.2 ± 2.8	8.2 ± 2.4^a	< 0.001
IL-10 (pg/mL)	8.2 ± 2.8	12.8 ± 3.5^a	8.5 ± 3.0	9.5 ± 3.2	< 0.001
TNF-α (pg/mL)	16.8 ± 3.8	11.2 ± 3.0^a	17.2 ± 4.0	14.8 ± 3.5^a	< 0.001
Neuroendocrine markers
Morning cortisol (nmol/L)	385.2 ± 88.5	338.5 ± 82.5^a	382.8 ± 90.2	378.2 ± 90.5	< 0.001
ACTH (pg/mL)	40.2 ± 8.8	33.8 ± 7.5^a	41.5 ± 9.2	39.5 ± 8.8	< 0.001
Oxidative stress and neuronal injury
SOD (U/mL)	82.5 ± 18.5	108.2 ± 22.8^a	80.8 ± 17.8	88.5 ± 20.2	< 0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	8.5 ± 2.2	5.2 ± 1.8^a	8.8 ± 2.5	7.2 ± 2.2^a	< 0.001
NSE (μg/L)	16.8 ± 4.5	10.2 ± 3.2^a	17.2 ± 4.8	13.8 ± 3.8^a	< 0.001
S100B (μg/L)	0.58 ± 0.18	0.32 ± 0.12^a	0.60 ± 0.20	0.48 ± 0.16^a	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05 vs respective baseline (paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank).

CRG: Comprehensive rehabilitation group; CG: Control group; NPY: Neuropeptide Y; BDNF: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IL: Interleukin; NGF: Nerve growth factor; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase.

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Citation: Yan SZ, Hu ZY, Zhou HY, Chai S. Comprehensive psychological and neurological rehabilitation for post-stroke depression: A retrospective comparative study with biomarker exploration. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 122383
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i8/122383.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.122383

Yan SZ, Hu ZY, Zhou HY, Chai S. Comprehensive psychological and neurological rehabilitation for post-stroke depression: A retrospective comparative study with biomarker exploration. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 122383 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.122383]

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