Influence of mental and psychological states on surgical outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation for trimalleolar ankle fractures

Table 6 Comparison of evaluation indicators at the last follow-up between the two groups of patients, median (interquartile range)

Variables	AOFAS	VAS	HADS-A	HADS-D	CSI	EQ-5D-5 L
Group A (n = 231)	93.00 (90.00, 97.00)	19.00 (12.00, 24.00)	3.00 (3.00, 5.00)	5.00 (3.00, 7.00)	7.00 (5.00, 9.00)	92.00 (89.00, 95.00)
Group B (n = 236)	97.00 (94.00, 98.00)	8.00 (5.00, 12.00)	2.00 (1.00, 2.00)	1.00 (1.00, 2.00)	4.00 (3.00, 6.00)	97.00 (94.00, 99.00)
Z	-9.48	-12.92	-14.48	-14.98	-11.25	11.73
P value	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Group difference (95%CI)	Med diff: -4.00 (-4.00 to -3.00)	Med diff: 10.00 (9.00-11.00)	Med diff: 2.00 (2.00-2.00)	Med diff: 3.00 (3.00-3.00)	Med diff: 3.00 (2.00-3.00)	Med diff: -4.00 (-5.00 to -4.00)
Effect size (95%CI)	r: -0.40 (-0.45 to -0.35)	r: -0.54 (-0.58 to -0.50)	r: -0.60 (-0.64 to -0.56)	r: -0.61 (-0.65 to -0.57)	r: -0.47 (-0.51 to -0.43)	r: 0.48 (0.43-0.53)

CI: Confidence interval; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression; AOFAS: American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Forefoot Score; CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory; EQ-5D-5 L: EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels; Med diff: Median difference; r: Rank-biserial correlation.