Influence of mental and psychological states on surgical outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation for trimalleolar ankle fractures

doi:10.5498/wjp.120504

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2026; 16(8): 120504
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.120504

Table 5 Comparison of postoperative outcomes across psychological states in subgroups, median (interquartile range)

Outcome	Anxiety only (n = 47)	Depression only (n = 62)	Both (n = 122)	P value
Postoperative VAS	15.0 (10.0, 20.0)	18.0 (12.0, 23.0)	21.0 (14.0, 26.0)	< 0.01
Postoperative AOFAS	95.0 (92.0, 98.0)	93.0 (90.0, 96.0)	91.0 (88.0, 95.0)	< 0.01
Postoperative CSI	5.0 (4.0, 7.0)	6.0 (4.0, 8.0)	8.0 (6.0, 10.0)	< 0.01
Postoperative EQ-5D-5 L	94.0 (91.0, 97.0)	92.0 (89.0, 95.0)	90.0 (87.0, 93.0)	< 0.01

VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; AOFAS: American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Forefoot Score; CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory; EQ-5D-5 L: EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels.

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Citation: Liu XC, Cao SH, Qu JM, Huang J, Li Y, Lu J, Xu JK. Influence of mental and psychological states on surgical outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation for trimalleolar ankle fractures. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 120504
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i8/120504.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.120504

Liu XC, Cao SH, Qu JM, Huang J, Li Y, Lu J, Xu JK. Influence of mental and psychological states on surgical outcomes following open reduction and internal fixation for trimalleolar ankle fractures. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 120504 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.120504]

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