Neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications of scene perception impairment in schizophrenia

Table 4 Potential of scene perception disorders based on gene-molecules-cell-loop-behavior mechanism

Ref.	Level	Key mechanisms	The impact of speculation on scene perception	Level of evidence
[9-11]	Gene receptor	Connectivity disorders associated with NMDA receptors and NMDA receptor hypofunction alter predictive coding, recurrent gain, and long-term coordination	Impaired efficient updating of accurate weighting and scenario-based predictions	Imaging genetics + mechanistic review
[12,13,29]	Cell oscillations	PV - interneurons defects and abnormal reduces the gamma band suppression time and coordination	Affecting feature binding, context stabilization, and rapid integration of scene elements	Cell-type review + oscillation review
[14,15]	Inflammation of glial cells	Microglia and astrocytes abnormalities may interfere with synaptic pruning, inflammation, signaling communication - glial cells and neurons	May disrupt sensory acquisition control and plasticity associated with situational processing	System evaluation
[10-15]	Circuit calculation	Predictive coding failure, E/I imbalance, and inflammatory regulation converge at the circuit level	Provides a multi-level interpretation of the partial distribution of quasibut unstable scene interpretation	Integrated interpretation
[3,6,16-21,35,36]	Behavior	The scene-sensing phenotype includes impaired gist extraction, weak contextual modulation, abnormal social scene interpretation, and erratic active visual sampling	Defines the observable behavior level and the mechanism of low assumptions involved	Integrated human evidence

NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; PV: Parvalbumin; E/I: Excitation-inhibition.