Neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications of scene perception impairment in schizophrenia

Table 1 Electrophysiological markers associated with impaired scene perception in schizophrenia

Ref.	Task domain	Main findings	Explanatory value	Level of evidence
[6]	VMMN	Meta-analysis showed reduced VMMN amplitude (g = -0.63), consistent with impaired automatic visual prediction error signal	Support for early predictive coding interference in scene change detection	Meta-analysis
[16,17]	The role of N170 and LPP in face/emotion processing	Abnormal N170 and reduced late positive responses indicate lower face encoding efficiency and later social-emotional integration	It is suggested that the scene perception deficit extends from face-sensitive processing to the evaluation phase	Event-related potentials in humans
[18,19]	Early visual processing/environmental regulation	The background of the early visual magnification and abnormal dependent contrast modulation means less gain control	4 associate low levels of sensory instability with later scene integration difficulties	Research on human mechanisms
[35,36]	Eye movement and eye fixation-related signals	Changes in fixation-related saccades and abnormalities in fixation-related potentials can be observed during natural fixation	Emphasis on active visual sampling as part of the clinically relevant scene perception	Naturalistic human research

VMMN: Visual mismatch negative wave; LPP: Late positive potential.