Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association

Table 7 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with disorders of gut-brain interactions

Predictor	Depression				Anxiety
	Univariate		Multivariate		Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.01 (0.997-1.02)	0.181			1.01 (0.997-1.02)	0.147
Male sex	0.43 (0.33-0.56)	< 0.001	0.43 (0.32-0.58)	< 0.001	0.40 (0.31-0.52)	< 0.001	0.41 (0.30-0.56)	< 0.001
Disease duration	1.09 (1.05-1.13)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.04-1.14)	0.0002	1.07 (1.02-1.11)	0.002	1.06 (1.01-1.11)	0.016
Overlap DGBI	2.91 (1.55-5.46)	0.001	2.37 (1.20-4.68)	0.013	3.87 (2.89-5.17)	< 0.001	3.21 (1.59-6.49)	0.001
Esophageal disorder	1.12 (0.86-1.46)	0.391			1.60 (1.21-2.11)	0.001	1.53 (0.74-3.17)	0.251
Gastroduodenal disorder	1.93 (1.44-2.59)	< 0.001	1.35 (0.64-2.84)	0.436	1.42 (1.07-1.88)	0.015	1.41 (0.62-3.22)	0.408
Bowel disorder	1.31 (1.02-1.69)	0.037	1.31 (0.66-2.59)	0.435	1.12 (0.86-1.45)	0.408
Centrally mediated pain disorder	1.08 (0.60-1.95)	0.798			1.71 (0.88-3.32)	0.116
Gallbladder/SOD disorder	0.91 (0.30-2.74)	0.869			1.40 (0.43-4.48)	0.575
Anorectal disorder	0.83 (0.49-1.41)	0.494			0.82 (0.49-1.38)	0.459

DGBI: Disorders of gut-brain interaction; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; SOD: Sphincter of oddi dysfunction.