Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association

Table 6 Distribution of anxiety and depression severity among patients with single vs overlapping disorders of gut-brain interaction

Severity	Single DGBI (n = 623)	Overlapping DGBIs (n = 421)	P value
Severity of anxiety
Mild anxiety (GAD-7 = 5 to 9)	281 (45.1%)	265 (62.9%)	0.0009
Moderate anxiety (GAD-7 = 10 to 14)	30 (4.8%)	53 (12.6%)
Severe anxiety (GAD-7 = 15 to 21)	8 (1.3%)	24 (5.7%)
Severity of depression
Mild depression (PHQ-9 = 5 to 9)	160 (25.7%)	194 (46.1%)	0.0254
Moderate depression (PHQ-9 = 10 to 14)	13 (2.1%)	19 (4.5%)
Moderately severe depression (PHQ-9 = 15 to 19)	7 (1.1%)	3 (0.7%)

GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item.