Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association

Table 5 Prevalence of psychological comorbidities in functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation patients with stratification according to overlap status¹

	Age	Male gender	Anxiety	Depression
Functional dyspepsia
Total (n = 463)	41.8 ± 12.0	208 (44.9%)	316 (68.3%)	195 (42.2%)
Overlapping (n = 300)	42.8 ± 11.9	129 (43%)	239 (79.6%)	149 (49.6%)
Non-overlapping (n = 163)	39.8 ± 11.9	79 (48.5%)	77 (47.3%)	46 (28.3%)
P value (a vs b)	0.0099	0.2824	0.0001	0.0001
Irritable bowel syndrome
Total (n = 168)	41.3 ± 12.9	97 (57.7%)	104 (61.9%)	65 (38.6%)
Overlapping (n = 69)	42.6 ± 11.3	36 (53.4%)	50 (72.5%)	33 (47.8%)
Non-overlapping (n = 99)	40.2 ± 13.9	61 (61.1%)	54 (54.5%)	32 (32.4%)
P value (m vs n)	0.2371	0.267	0.0237	0.0534
Functional constipation
Total (n = 188)	42.6 ± 12.7	92/188 (48.93%)	140/188 (74.5%)	93/188 (49.4%)
Overlapping (n = 124)	42.84 ± 12.7	49/124 (39.5%)	100/124 (80.6%)	67/124 (54.1%)
Non-overlapping (n = 64)	42.3 ± 12.7	43/64 (67.2%)	41/64 (64.1%)	25/64 (39.1%)
P value (x vs y)	0.7984	0.0004	0.0201	0.0647

¹a and b define the group overlapping vs non-overalpping, respectively for functional dyspepsia to help illustrate P-value computation. Similarly, m and n for Irritable bowel syndrome and lastly, x and y for functional constipation.