Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association

doi:10.5498/wjp.119686

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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World J Psychiatry. Aug 19, 2026; 16(8): 119686
Published online Aug 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.119686

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction and controls, n (%)

Characteristics	DGBI patients (n = 1044)	Controls (n = 1021)	P value
Age (years)
18-30	226 (21.6)	193 (18.9)	0.241
31-40	286 (27.4)	314 (30.8)
41-50	269 (25.8)	306 (29.9)
51-60	176 (16.9)	156 (15.3)
61-70	87 (8.3)	52 (5.1)
Gender
Male	542 (51.9)	619 (60.6)	0.742
Female	502 (48.1)	402 (39.4)	0.742
Body mass index (kg/m²)
Underweight (< 18.5)	18 (1.7)	6 (0.6)	0.549
Normal (18.5-24.9)	393 (37.6)	437 (42.8)
Overweight (25-29.9)	425 (40.7)	387 (37.9)
Obese (≥ 30)	208 (19.9)	191 (18.7)
Duration of symptoms
6 months to < 1 year	336 (32.2)	NA	NA
1 year to < 2 years	269 (25.8)	NA
2 to < 5 years	256 (24.5)	NA
≥ 5 years	183 (17.5)	NA
Comorbidities
Diabetes Mellitus	125 (11.9)	156 (15.3)	0.891
Hypertension	146 (14.0)	137 (13.4)	0.766
Thyroid disorders	35 (3.4)	42 (4.1)	0.714
Education
Uneducated	107 (10.2)	119 (11.7)	0.157
High school	412 (39.5)	376 (36.8)
Graduate	388 (37.2)	405 (39.7)
Postgraduate	137 (13.1)	121 (11.9)
Residence
Urban	409 (39.2)	398 (39)	0.892
Semi-urban	257 (24.6)	248 (24.3)
Rural	378 (36.2)	375 (36.7)

DGBI: Disorder of gut-brain interaction; NA: Not applicable.

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Citation: Goyal MK, Goyal O, Wander P, Kaur J, Prashar G, Goyal P, Sood A. Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 119686
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i8/119686.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.119686

Goyal MK, Goyal O, Wander P, Kaur J, Prashar G, Goyal P, Sood A. Anxiety and depression in Rome IV disorders of gut–brain interaction: Prevalence, clinical impact, and temporal association. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(8): 119686 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.119686]

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