Post-interventional anxiety and depression in patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A retrospective cohort study

Table 2 Psychological outcome measures and correlations with clinical variables (n = 228)

Variable	mean ± SD or n (%)	Correlation with HADS-Depression1	Correlation with HADS-Anxiety
Psychological scales
HADS-Depression score	6.8 ± 4.3		r = 0.68a
HADS-Anxiety score	5.9 ± 4.1	r = 0.68a
PHQ-9 total score	7.8 ± 5.9	r = 0.84a	r = 0.62a
GAD-7 total score	6.4 ± 5.2	r = 0.59a	r = 0.86a
Prevalence of mood disorders
HADS-Depression ≥ 8 (depression)	87 (38.2)
HADS-Anxiety ≥ 8 (anxiety)	72 (31.6)
Comorbid anxiety and depression	51 (22.4)
PHQ-9 ≥ 10 (moderate depression)	79 (34.6)
GAD-7 ≥ 10 (moderate anxiety)	62 (27.2)
Correlations with clinical variables
Age		r = 0.08	r = -0.16a
Baseline NIHSS		r = 0.34a	r = 0.22a
24-hour NIHSS		r = 0.42a	r = 0.28a
Hospital length of stay		r = 0.38a	r = 0.31a
90-day mRS		r = 0.52a	r = 0.36a
Procedural duration		r = 0.18a	r = 0.21a

¹Correlation coefficients were calculated using either Spearman’s or Pearson’s methods, as appropriate.

^aP < 0.05.

HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.