Epidemiology and associated factors of screening-identified dysphagia risk in psychiatric inpatients

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis of variables associated with moderate-to-severe dysphagia risk

Characteristics	β	SE	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex	0.066	0.278	1.068	0.620-1.842	0.812
Age	0.047	0.008	1.048	1.033-1.064	< 0.001a
Age groups
0-17	-	-	-	1.00	-
18-44	0.291	0.767	1.338	0.297-6.016	0.704
45-59	1.139	0.754	3.124	0.713-13.691	0.131
≥ 60	2.006	0.737	7.434	1.753-31.534	0.007a
Marital status
Unmarried	-	-	-	1.00	-
Married	0.578	0.354	1.782	0.890-3.567	0.103
Divorced	-0.279	1.055	0.756	0.090-5.980	0.791
Widowed	2.107	0.690	8.225	2.126-31.822	0.002a
Occupation
Student	-	-	-	1.00	-
Worker	1.638	1.009	5.143	0.711-37.191	0.105
Farmer	1.619	0.779	5.047	1.097-23.214	0.038a
Employ	2.015	0.780	7.500	1.627-34.564	0.010a
Unemployed person	1.185	0.735	3.272	0.774-13.828	0.107
Retiree	2.315	0.825	10.125	2.011-50.980	0.005a
Education
Illiteracy	-	-	-	1.00	-
Elementary school	-0.754	0.388	0.471	0.220-1.007	0.052
Junior high school	-0.772	0.350	0.462	0.233-0.917	0.027a
Senior high school	-1.038	0.459	0.354	0.144-0.871	0.024a
University	-1.209	0.565	0.299	0.099-0.903	0.032a
BMI	< 0.001	0.022	1.000	0.958-1.044	0.989
Length of hospital stay	0.002	0.001	1.002	1.001-1.003	0.005a
Disease duration	0.002	0.001	1.002	1.000-1.003	0.096
Number of episodes	0.073	0.050	1.075	0.975-1.186	0.144
Diagnosis
Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol	-	-	-	1.00	-
Depression	1.536	0.751	4.648	1.066-20.261	0.041a
Schizophrenia	1.582	0.749	4.866	1.121-21.119	0.035a
Bipolar disorder	1.109	0.772	3.031	0.667-13.768	0.151
Intellectual disabilities	1.241	0.919	3.460	0.571-20.963	0.177
Dissociative disorders	0.980	0.918	2.665	0.441-16.113	0.286
Anxiety disorders	1.724	1.011	5.608	0.772-40.717	0.088
Other mental disorders	-0.137	1.229	0.872	0.078-9.690	0.911
Medication
Antipsychotics	0.310	0.352	1.363	0.684-2.717	0.378
Antidepressants	-0.047	0.275	0.954	0.556-1.637	0.865
Anxiolytics	0.573	0.342	1.774	0.908-3.465	0.093
Mood stabilizers	-0.525	0.298	0.591	0.330-1.060	0.078
Antiepileptic drugs	-0.032	0.329	0.968	0.508-1.844	0.922
Benzodiazepines	0.086	0.275	1.090	0.635-1.870	0.754
Somatic comorbidity
Hypertension	0.557	0.321	1.745	0.930-3.274	0.083
Coronary heart disease	1.364	0.317	3.911	2.100-7.283	< 0.001a
Myocardial ischemia	0.222	0.340	1.248	0.641-2.431	0.515
Inflammatory indicators
NLR	-0.105	0.102	0.900	0.737-1.100	0.900
PLR	-0.002	0.002	0.998	0.994-1.002	0.337
MLR	-1.105	0.984	0.331	0.048-2.276	0.261
NMR	< 0.001	0.022	1.000	0.959-1.044	0.987
SII	-0.001	< 0.001	0.999	0.999-1.000	0.214
Thyroid function
T3	-0.288	0.365	0.750	0.367-1.532	0.429
T4	0.008	0.004	1.008	1.000-1.016	0.039a
FT4	0.019	0.030	1.020	0.961-1.082	0.522
FT3	-0.300	0.176	0.741	0.525-1.045	0.087
TSH	0.042	0.012	1.043	1.019-1.068	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; PLR: Platelet-lymphocyte ratio; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; NMR: Neutrophil-monocyte ratio; MLR: Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio; SII: Systemic immune-inflammation index; T3: Triiodothyronine; T4: Thyroxine; FT4: Free thyroxine; FT3: Free triiodothyronine; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.