Factors influencing non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with mood disorders: Focusing on gender differences and only-child vs non-only-child disparities

Table 3 Univariate analysis of non-suicidal self-injury characteristics between male and female adolescents with mood disorders, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	Male (n = 126)	Female (n = 322)	t/χ2	P value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (years)	15.48 ± 1.76	15.31 ± 1.84	0.89	0.371
Sibling status			2.13	0.143
Only-child	82 (65.08)	214 (66.46)
Non-only-child	44 (34.92)	108 (33.54)
Family monthly income			10.24	0.006
< 5000	22 (17.46)	86 (26.71)
5000-10000	64 (50.79)	148 (45.96)
> 10000	40 (31.75)	88 (27.33)
Parental marital status			1.56	0.210
Married	104 (82.54)	260 (80.75)
Divorced/remarried	22 (17.46)	62 (19.25)
Parental education level			8.97	0.002
≤ High school	48 (38.10)	156 (48.76)
> High school	78 (61.90)	166 (51.24)
Residential area			0.98	0.321
Urban	88 (69.84)	224 (69.57)
Rural	38 (30.16)	98 (30.43)
Clinical factors
Duration of mood disorder (months)	14.62 ± 6.51	14.91 ± 6.28	-0.45	0.646
Comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms	52 (41.27)	134 (41.61)	0.006	0.933
Psychological assessments
SCS self-warmth	33.96 ± 7.28	30.82 ± 7.65	4.12	< 0.001
SCS self-coldness	49.25 ± 8.03	52.58 ± 8.21	-4.01	< 0.001
ERQ cognitive reappraisal	22.58 ± 6.17	20.03 ± 6.45	4.23	< 0.001
ERQ expressive suppression	17.24 ± 5.03	17.72 ± 5.15	-0.98	0.3245
K-10 score	34.52 ± 7.18	37.68 ± 7.41	-4.35	< 0.001
CTQ total score	50.83 ± 10.26	54.87 ± 10.89	-3.84	< 0.001
Family functioning
FACES III cohesion	44.62 ± 8.31	41.45 ± 8.59	3.67	< 0.001
FACES III adaptability	39.21 ± 7.86	38.52 ± 7.95	0.89	0.372

SCS: Self-Compassion Scale; ERQ: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; K-10: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; CTQ: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; FACES: Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scales.