Incidence, risk factors, and correlation with organ involvement of psychological disorders in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between two groups, n (%)

Variable	Psychological disorder group (n = 156)	Non-psychological disorder group (n = 130)	Statistical value	P value
Demographic characteristics
Female	144 (92.3)	110 (84.6)	χ² = 4.58	0.032
Age (years, mean ± SD)	52.8 ± 12.4	48.6 ± 11.7	t = 2.84	0.005
Disease duration (years, mean ± SD)	6.8 ± 4.2	4.9 ± 3.1	t = 4.32	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	22.6 ± 3.4	23.1 ± 3.2	t = 1.25	0.213
Socioeconomic status
Retired or unemployed	71 (45.5)	42 (32.3)	χ² = 5.59	0.018
Household monthly income < 5000 yuan	60 (38.5)	35 (26.9)	χ² = 5.11	0.024
Rural residence	64 (41.0)	37 (28.5)	χ² = 5.46	0.019
Education level ≤ junior high school	89 (57.1)	68 (52.3)	χ² = 0.68	0.410
Lifestyle factors
Smoking history	24 (15.4)	11 (8.5)	χ² = 4.13	0.042
Drinking history	20 (12.8)	13 (10.0)	χ² = 0.63	0.426
Disease-related factors
Family history of autoimmune diseases	36 (23.1)	18 (13.8)	χ² = 4.65	0.031
Number of comorbidities (n, mean ± SD)	2.3 ± 1.4	1.6 ± 1.1	t = 4.52	0.001
Oral and ocular dryness as initial symptoms	120 (76.9)	83 (63.8)	χ² = 6.98	0.008
Time from symptom onset to diagnosis (years, mean ± SD)	3.2 ± 2.8	2.1 ± 1.9	t = 3.78	0.003
Annual healthcare visits (times, mean ± SD)	8.6 ± 4.2	5.9 ± 3.1	t = 5.94	< 0.001
Marital status
Married	134 (85.9)	115 (88.5)	χ² = 0.47	0.495
Single/divorced/widowed	22 (14.1)	15 (11.5)

BMI: Body mass index.