Prospective study of preoperative anxiety and impact on postoperative pain perception and recovery quality in patients undergoing thyroidectomy

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, n (%) or mean ± SD

Variable	Low anxiety (n = 168)	High anxiety (n = 132)	P value
Age (year)	45.32 ± 11.45	44.87 ± 12.23	0.745
Female	134 (79.8)	108 (81.8)	0.653
BMI (kg/m2)	23.56 ± 3.21	23.89 ± 3.45	0.398
Education level			0.412
High school or below	72 (42.9)	62 (47.0)
College or above	96 (57.1)	70 (53.0)
Surgical extent			0.534
Total thyroidectomy	112 (66.7)	92 (69.7)
Hemithyroidectomy	56 (33.3)	40 (30.3)
Operative time (minute)	98.45 ± 24.67	101.23 ± 26.34	0.355
Pathological diagnosis			0.489
Papillary carcinoma	128 (76.2)	96 (72.7)
Benign nodules	40 (23.8)	36 (27.3)
HADS-A score	4.23 ± 1.89	11.67 ± 2.54	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale.