Perinatal anxiety and depressive symptoms in women with preeclampsia: A cohort study of placental dysfunction and neuroendocrine correlates

Table 3 Psychological symptom scores by group and time point, mean ± SD

Measure	Time point	Preeclampsia (n = 105)	Control (n = 105)	P value	Effect size (d)
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale	Enrollment	12.8 ± 5.4	6.2 ± 3.1	< 0.001	1.52
	Third trimester	13.4 ± 5.8	6.8 ± 3.4	< 0.001	1.42
	Postpartum	11.7 ± 5.5	6.4 ± 3.2	< 0.001	1.19
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7	Enrollment	10.3 ± 4.2	5.1 ± 2.8	< 0.001	1.48
	Third trimester	11.1 ± 4.6	5.4 ± 3.0	< 0.001	1.51
	Postpartum	9.2 ± 4.3	5.2 ± 2.9	< 0.001	1.09
STAI-State	Enrollment	44.6 ± 9.8	32.4 ± 7.2	< 0.001	1.42
	Third trimester	46.2 ± 10.4	33.1 ± 7.8	< 0.001	1.45
	Postpartum	41.8 ± 9.6	31.9 ± 7.4	< 0.001	1.16
STAI-Trait	Enrollment	42.5 ± 10.5	34.8 ± 8.2	< 0.001	0.82
	Third trimester	43.1 ± 10.8	35.2 ± 8.6	< 0.001	0.81
	Postpartum	39.2 ± 9.8	34.5 ± 8.4	< 0.001	0.52

STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.