Prevalence and treatment gap of comorbid depression and anxiety in elderly patients with hemodialysis

Table 3 Univariate analysis of treatment gaps among elderly hemodialysis patients with comorbid depression and anxiety disorders, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Treatment group (n = 39)	Treatment-gap group (n = 75)	Statistic	P value
Age (years)	70.2 ± 4.8	73.8 ± 6.1	t = -3.415	0.001
Female	20 (51.3)	42 (56.0)	χ² = 0.243	0.622
Married	28 (71.8)	48 (64.0)	χ² = 0.763	0.382
Living alone	10 (25.6)	33 (44.0)	χ² = 4.912	0.027
Education ≤ primary school	15 (38.5)	44 (58.7)	χ² = 5.678	0.017
Medical payment: Insurance	37 (94.9)	68 (90.7)	χ² = 0.703	0.402
Primary renal disease			χ² = 1.892	0.595
Diabetic nephropathy	18 (46.2)	28 (37.3)
Hypertensive nephropathy	10 (25.6)	23 (30.7)
Chronic glomerulonephritis	5 (12.8)	9 (12.0)
Other/unknown	6 (15.4)	15 (20.0)
Dialysis vintage (years)	3.0 (1.3, 5.2)	3.3 (1.6, 5.7)	Z = -0.823	0.411
Dialysis vintage ≥ 3 years	24 (61.5)	44 (58.7)	χ² = 0.094	0.759
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.3 ± 3.0	22.0 ± 3.3	t = 0.467	0.641
Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 5	26 (66.7)	52 (69.3)	χ² = 0.095	0.758
Comorbidities
Hypertension	36 (92.3)	66 (88.0)	χ² = 0.539	0.463
Diabetes mellitus	21 (53.8)	37 (49.3)	χ² = 0.222	0.637
Coronary heart disease	19 (48.7)	32 (42.7)	χ² = 0.402	0.526
Cerebrovascular disease	8 (20.5)	21 (28.0)	χ² = 0.806	0.369
Psychiatrist-confirmed diagnosis	32 (82.1)	40 (53.3)	χ² = 9.782	0.002
Hemoglobin (g/L)	105.8 ± 12.5	103.6 ± 13.4	t = 0.872	0.385
Serum albumin (g/L)	36.8 ± 3.5	34.9 ± 4.1	t = 2.521	0.013
Albumin < 35 g/L	12 (30.8)	37 (49.3)	χ² = 4.115	0.043
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	665.0 (548.5, 795.5)	685.0 (560.0, 820.0)	Z = -0.538	0.591
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	24.5 ± 5.8	25.0 ± 6.3	t = -0.427	0.670
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	6.6 ± 1.7	6.5 ± 1.8	t = 0.289	0.773
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.20 ± 0.20	2.17 ± 0.21	t = 0.734	0.465
Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)	2.01 ± 0.50	1.96 ± 0.53	t = 0.487	0.627
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	315.0 (185.0, 455.0)	330.0 (190.0, 495.0)	Z = -0.634	0.526
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.6	t = 0.000	1.000
Single-pool Kt/V	1.39 (1.26, 1.53)	1.38 (1.24, 1.51)	Z = -0.315	0.753

Independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ² test were applied as appropriate.