Prevalence and treatment gap of comorbid depression and anxiety in elderly patients with hemodialysis

Table 1 Univariate analysis of comorbid depression and anxiety disorders among elderly hemodialysis patients, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Depression and anxiety group (n = 114)	Non-depressed/non-anxious group (n = 186)	Statistic	P value
Age (years)	73.1 ± 6.0	72.0 ± 5.6	t = 1.613	0.108
Female	62 (54.4)	60 (32.3)	χ² = 15.237	< 0.001
Married	76 (66.7)	139 (74.7)	χ² = 2.354	0.125
Living alone	38 (33.3)	29 (15.6)	χ² = 13.576	< 0.001
Education ≤ primary school	68 (59.6)	74 (39.8)	χ² = 11.856	0.001
Medical payment: Insurance	105 (92.1)	176 (94.6)	χ² = 0.749	0.387
Primary renal disease			χ² = 4.212	0.239
Diabetic nephropathy	46 (40.4)	62 (33.3)
Hypertensive nephropathy	33 (28.9)	64 (34.4)
Chronic glomerulonephritis	14 (12.3)	31 (16.7)
Other/unknown	21 (18.4)	29 (15.6)
Dialysis vintage (years)	3.2 (1.5, 5.5)	2.1 (1.0, 4.0)	Z = -3.362	0.001
Dialysis vintage ≥ 3 years	68 (59.6)	75 (40.3)	χ² = 11.213	0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)	22.1 ± 3.2	22.6 ± 3.5	t = -1.215	0.225
Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 5	78 (68.4)	82 (44.1)	χ² = 17.632	< 0.001
Comorbidities
Hypertension	102 (89.5)	159 (85.5)	χ² = 0.974	0.324
Diabetes mellitus	58 (50.9)	95 (51.1)	χ² = 0.001	0.970
Coronary heart disease	51 (44.7)	72 (38.7)	χ² = 1.116	0.291
Cerebrovascular disease	29 (25.4)	38 (20.4)	χ² = 1.056	0.304
Hemoglobin (g/L)	104.3 ± 13.1	106.4 ± 11.8	t = -1.430	0.154
Serum albumin (g/L)	35.5 ± 4.0	37.6 ± 4.1	t = -4.437	< 0.001
Albumin < 35 g/L	49 (43.0)	45 (24.2)	χ² = 12.115	0.001
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)	678.5 (555.8, 812.3)	712.0 (580.5, 845.5)	Z = -1.105	0.269
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	24.8 ± 6.1	25.5 ± 5.7	t = -1.013	0.312
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/minute/1.73 m2)	6.5 ± 1.8	6.7 ± 1.6	t = -1.007	0.315
Serum calcium (mmol/L)	2.18 ± 0.21	2.21 ± 0.19	t = -1.265	0.207
Serum phosphorus (mmol/L)	1.98 ± 0.52	1.84 ± 0.48	t = 2.428	0.016
Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL)	325.0 (188.5, 486.8)	268.0 (156.0, 398.0)	Z = -2.149	0.032
Serum potassium (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 0.5	t = 1.538	0.125
Single-pool Kt/V	1.38 (1.25, 1.52)	1.41 (1.28, 1.55)	Z = -1.486	0.137

Independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ² test were applied as appropriate.