Effect of apple phenols on anxiety/depression in a rat model of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Figure 5 Comparison of the expression of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase) levels in serum, lung tissue, and frontal lobe tissue homogenate of rats in different groups. A and B: Oxidative stress in serum; C and D: Oxidative stress in lung tissue; E and F: Oxidative stress in prefrontal lobe tissue of the brain. ^aP < 0.01 vs control group, ^cP < 0.01 vs model group, ^dP < 0.05 vs low-dose apple polyphenols (AP), ^eP < 0.05 vs middle-dose AP,^fP < 0.05 vs high-dose AP. AP-L: Low-dose apple polyphenols; AP-M: Middle-dose apple polyphenols; AP-H: High-dose apple polyphenols; AP-H + mcc950: High-dose apple polyphenols + NOD-like receptor protein 3 inhibitor; MDA: Malondialdehyde; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase.