Effects of a multi-modal management model incorporating executive function-targeted intervention for pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid emotional dysregulation

Table 2 Comparison of the survey results of the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-IV scale before and after the intervention between the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

SNAP-IV		Conventional (n = 58)	Observation (n = 54)	Statistical value (t/χ2)	P value
Inattention	Baseline	11.36 ± 2.94	11.44 ± 6.89	0.163	0.871
	After	8.07 ± 2.93a	6.89 ± 2.17a	2.408	0.018
Hyperactivity/impulsivity	Baseline	11.84 ± 8.62	11.69 ± 6.81	0.286	0.776
	After	8.62 ± 2.84a	6.81 ± 2.67a	3.460	< 0.001
Oppositional defiant	Baseline	10.38 ± 3.11	10.63 ± 3.09	0.427	0.670
	After	7.98 ± 2.62a	6.57 ± 2.59a	2.860	0.005
Total score	Baseline	33.59 ± 4.68	33.76 ± 4.49	0.199	0.842
	After	24.67 ± 5.30a	20.28 ± 4.00a	4.927	< 0.001
Baseline	Normal	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0.463	0.496
	Marginal	50 (86.21)	44 (81.48)
	Moderate	8 (13.79)	10 (18.52)
After	Normal	32 (55.17)	50 (92.59)	Fisher’s exact test	< 0.001
	Marginal	26 (44.83)	4 (7.41)
	Moderate	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)

^aP < 0.05 for intra-group comparisons.

SNAP-IV: Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale-IV.