Effect of esketamine-assisted regional block on post-traumatic stress disorder after radical lung cancer surgery: A retrospective clinical study

Table 5 Univariate analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder, n (%)

Variable	PTSD (n = 62)	Non-PTSD (n = 156)	P value
Age ≥ 60 years,	28 (45.2)	62 (39.7)	0.436
Female gender	28 (45.2)	56 (35.9)	0.192
Esketamine use	22 (35.5)	90 (57.7)	0.002
ASA classification III	18 (29.0)	30 (19.2)	0.106
Operative duration ≥ 180 minutes	38 (61.3)	68 (43.6)	0.015
24 hours pain score ≥ 4	44 (71.0)	68 (43.6)	< 0.001
24 hours cortisol ≥ 400 (nmol/L)	34 (54.8)	52 (33.3)	0.002
24 hours IL-6 ≥ 55 (pg/mL)	42 (67.7)	62 (39.7)	< 0.001
Open thoracotomy	24 (38.7)	40 (25.6)	0.050

P values were calculated using χ² test. PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; IL: Interleukin.