Effect of esketamine-assisted regional block on post-traumatic stress disorder after radical lung cancer surgery: A retrospective clinical study

Table 3 Post-traumatic stress disorder incidence and post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition scores at 3 months postoperatively, n (%)/mean ± SD

Parameters	Control group (n = 106)	Esketamine group (n = 112)	P value
PTSD incidence	40 (37.7)	22 (19.6)	0.002
Total PCL-5 score	31.2 ± 10.4	24.3 ± 8.6	< 0.001
Intrusive symptoms	8.4 ± 3.2	6.2 ± 2.6	< 0.001
Avoidance behaviors	6.8 ± 2.4	5.2 ± 2.2	< 0.001
Negative cognition and mood	9.6 ± 3.8	7.4 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Heightened arousal	6.4 ± 2.6	5.5 ± 2.0	0.006

P values were calculated using χ² test for categorical variables and independent samples t-test for continuous variables. PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder; PCL-5: Post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth edition.