Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioural intervention on mental health in young footballers: A quasi-experimental study

Table 5 Comparison between groups in Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (Mann-Whitney and Hedges’ g)

Subscales	Moment	Group	Sample size	mean ± SD	P value	g (Hedges)
Depression	Pre-test	Control	32	4.13 ± 3.66	0.249	0.328
		Experimental	24	3.00 ± 2.98
	Post-test	Control	32	5.78 ± 4.88	0.103	0.548
		Experimental	24	3.46 ± 2.99
Anxiety	Pre-test	Control	32	5.75 ± 5.05	0.010b	0.639
		Experimental	24	2.92 ± 3.24
	Post-test	Control	32	5.25 ± 4.28	0.068	0.519
		Experimental	24	3.25 ± 3.04
Stress	Pre-test	Control	32	6.50 ± 5.08	0.244	0.434
		Experimental	24	4.58 ± 3.12
	Post-test	Control	32	6.38 ± 4.93	0.039a	0.564
		Experimental	24	3.79 ± 3.89

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

P: Probability associated with the contrast statistic (Mann-Whitney U test in intergroup comparisons); Hedges’ g: Effect size corrected for independent samples (0.20 = small, 0.50 = medium, 0.80 = large).