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World Journal of Psychiatry
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2220-3206
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Trials Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 118232
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.118232
Table 10 Pre-post changes by group in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Wilcoxon and Rosenthal’s r), mean ± SD
Group
Pre-test
Post-test
Z (Wilcoxon)
P value
r (Rosenthal)
Control0.94 ± 0.761.03 ± 0.82-0.6150.539-0.11
Experimental1.08 ± 0.780.92 ± 0.72-0.7230.470-0.10
Z: Test statistics of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (normal approximation); P: Probability value associated with the within-group comparison; Rosenthal’s r: Effect size calculated from Z and n (|10| = small, |30| = medium, |50| = large).
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