Association of preoperative depression and cognitive status with postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116925

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 116925
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116925

Table 2 Incidence of postoperative delirium according to preoperative depression and cognitive status, n (%)

Variable	n	POD	No POD	P value
Preoperative depression (GDS-15)
No depression (GDS-15 < 5)	92	20 (21.7)	72 (78.3)	0.003
Depression (GDS-15 ≥ 5)	58	26 (44.8)	32 (55.2)
Preoperative Cognitive Status (MMSE)
Normal cognition (MMSE ≥ 24)	100	19 (19.0)	81 (81.0)	< 0.001
Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24)	50	27 (54.0)	23 (46.0)
Combined categories
Neither depression nor cognitive impairment	64	9 (14.1)	55 (85.9)	< 0.001
Depression only (no cognitive impairment)	36	13 (36.1)	23 (63.9)
Cognitive impairment only (no depression)	28	11 (39.3)	17 (60.7)
Both depression and cognitive impairment	22	13 (59.1)	9 (40.9)

GDS-15: 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; POD: Postoperative delirium.

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Citation: Zhong JL, Cai Y, Li SH, Zhao W, Su XT, Jin CH. Association of preoperative depression and cognitive status with postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116925
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i6/116925.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116925

Zhong JL, Cai Y, Li SH, Zhao W, Su XT, Jin CH. Association of preoperative depression and cognitive status with postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116925 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116925]

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