Preoperative anxiety and depression predict two-year outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty

Table 4 Comparison of preoperative and 2-year postoperative Short Form-36 Health Survey quality of life scores between the two groups (mean ± SD, points)¹

Dimension	Exposed group (n = 92)		Non-exposed group (n = 92)		Change (2 years postoperative - preoperative)
	Preoperative	2 years postoperative	Preoperative	2 years postoperative	Exposed group	Non-exposed group
Physical functioning	42.6 ± 12.3	71.4 ± 13.8	43.2 ± 11.9	81.7 ± 11.2	28.8 ± 10.5	38.5 ± 9.8
Role physical	38.5 ± 15.6	68.3 ± 16.4	39.1 ± 14.8	79.2 ± 13.7	29.8 ± 12.7	40.1 ± 11.3
Bodily pain	35.7 ± 13.2	72.8 ± 14.6	36.3 ± 12.8	83.5 ± 12.3	37.1 ± 11.9	47.2 ± 10.6
General health	48.3 ± 14.5	64.7 ± 15.2	49.1 ± 13.9	74.9 ± 13.6	16.4 ± 9.8	25.8 ± 9.2
Vitality	46.2 ± 13.7	62.5 ± 14.3	47.1 ± 13.2	72.8 ± 12.8	16.3 ± 10.4	25.7 ± 9.6
Social functioning	51.4 ± 15.3	70.2 ± 14.9	52.3 ± 14.8	81.6 ± 13.2	18.8 ± 11.2	29.3 ± 10.5
Role emotional	44.8 ± 16.2	66.9 ± 15.7	45.6 ± 15.7	78.3 ± 14.5	22.1 ± 12.3	32.7 ± 11.8
Mental health	49.5 ± 14.8	65.3 ± 15.6	50.3 ± 14.2	76.8 ± 13.9	15.8 ± 10.7	26.5 ± 9.9

¹Change represents the 2-year postoperative score minus the preoperative score, indicating the magnitude of improvement; change comparison used an independent samples t-test.

SF-36: Short Form-36 Health Survey.