Preoperative anxiety and depression predict two-year outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116745

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 116745
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116745

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups before and after propensity score matching, n (%)

Variable	Before matching			After matching
Variable	Exposed group (n = 108)	Non-exposed group (n = 138)	P value	Exposed group (n = 92)	Non-exposed group (n = 92)	P value
General demographic characteristics
Age (years), mean ± SD	62.4 ± 8.7	60.8 ± 9.3	0.172	62.1 ± 8.5	61.8 ± 8.9	0.811
Gender			0.043			0.856
Male	38 (35.2)	68 (49.3)		36 (39.1)	37 (40.2)
Female	70 (64.8)	70 (50.7)		56 (60.9)	55 (59.8)
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	26.3 ± 3.4	25.6 ± 3.2	0.098	26.1 ± 3.3	25.9 ± 3.4	0.682
Education level			0.156			0.791
Junior high school or below	45 (41.7)	48 (34.8)		38 (41.3)	36 (39.1)
High school/technical secondary school	38 (35.2)	52 (37.7)		33 (35.9)	35 (38.0)
College or above	25 (23.1)	38 (27.5)		21 (22.8)	21 (22.9)
Marital status			0.287			0.924
Married	89 (82.4)	121 (87.7)		77 (83.7)	78 (84.8)
Unmarried/divorced/widowed	19 (17.6)	17 (12.3)		15 (16.3)	14 (15.2)
Surgery-related data
Surgery type			0.029			0.887
THA	58 (53.7)	92 (66.7)		52 (56.5)	53 (57.6)
TKA	50 (46.3)	46 (33.3)		40 (43.5)	39 (42.4)
Surgical side			0.521			0.832
Left	51 (47.2)	71 (51.4)		45 (48.9)	46 (50.0)
Right	57 (52.8)	67 (48.6)		47 (51.1)	46 (50.0)
Primary disease			0.412			0.765
Osteoarthritis	76 (70.4)	104 (75.4)		67 (72.8)	69 (75.0)
Femoral head necrosis	24 (22.2)	26 (18.8)		19 (20.7)	18 (19.6)
Other	8 (7.4)	8 (5.8)		6 (6.5)	5 (5.4)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	46 (42.6)	51 (37.0)	0.379	38 (41.3)	37 (40.2)	0.879
Diabetes	28 (25.9)	30 (21.7)	0.447	23 (25.0)	22 (23.9)	0.867
Cardiovascular disease	15 (13.9)	14 (10.1)	0.369	12 (13.0)	11 (12.0)	0.826
Preoperative laboratory indicators
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	128.6 ± 15.3	131.4 ± 14.8	0.143	129.2 ± 15.1	130.1 ± 14.6	0.687
Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD	39.8 ± 4.2	40.6 ± 3.9	0.112	40.1 ± 4.1	40.3 ± 4.0	0.738
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L), mean ± SD	5.8 ± 1.3	5.6 ± 1.2	0.238	5.7 ± 1.3	5.7 ± 1.2	0.914

THA: Total hip arthroplasty; TKA: Total knee arthroplasty; BMI: Body mass index.

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Citation: Lian YJ, Lu JN, Ru QC, Zhu YK, Yu ZY, Guo X. Preoperative anxiety and depression predict two-year outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116745
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i6/116745.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116745

Lian YJ, Lu JN, Ru QC, Zhu YK, Yu ZY, Guo X. Preoperative anxiety and depression predict two-year outcomes after total hip or knee arthroplasty. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116745 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116745]

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