Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116435

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2026; 16(6): 116435
Published online Jun 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116435

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical features of the participants (n = 1718), mean ± SD/n (%)/median (tertile low-tertile high)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone index (μIU/mL) tertiles	Low (0.36-3.78)	Middle (3.78-6.05)	High (6.06-13.01)	P value	P value¹
Number	571	574	573
Age (years)	33.91 ± 12.24	34.56 ± 12.42	36.14 ± 12.54	0.007	0.006
Duration of illness (months)	4.98 ± 3.85	7.11 ± 5.08	7.08 ± 4.71	< 0.001	< 0.001
Age at onset (years)	33.78 ± 12.20	34.31 ± 12.27	35.89 ± 12.38	0.010	0.008
Hamilton Depression Scale continuous	28.60 ± 2.61	30.26 ± 2.60	32.02 ± 2.56	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hamilton Anxiety Scale	19.98 ± 2.81	19.89 ± 3.32	22.53 ± 3.57	< 0.001	< 0.001
Anti-thyroglobulin (IU/L)	41.53 (88.54), 18.82 (8.43-1122.00)	85.46 (205.28), 20.05 (2.20-2104.00)	142.92 (339.60), 24.36 (3.23-4222.00)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (IU/L)	35.22 (98.36), 15.51 (1.59-1419.00)	58.86 (120.46), 16.21 (2.60-929.41)	122.62 (228.56), 25.62 (4.67-1812.84)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Free triiodothyronine (pmol/L)	4.87 (0.68), 4.90 (3.10-6.80)	4.93 (0.76), 4.95 (1.60-7.10)	4.92 (0.72), 5.00 (3.10-6.80)	0.285	0.215
Free thyroxine (pmol/L)	16.79 (3.09), 16.60 (7.80-23.00)	16.52 (3.09), 16.32 (8.90-23.21)	16.80 (3.10), 16.58 (10.38-32.10)	0.240	0.262
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.09 (0.56), 5.02 (3.98-7.33)	5.38 (0.52), 5.40 (4.01-7.72)	5.73 (0.68), 5.71 (3.71-8.20)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.64 (0.93), 4.60 (2.17-8.80)	5.03 (0.84), 5.03 (2.34-7.89)	6.09 (0.98), 6.18 (2.95-8.56)	< 0.001	< 0.001
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.31 (0.24), 1.28 (0.60-2.23)	1.30 (0.25), 1.28 (0.56-2.04)	1.05 (0.29), 0.99 (0.44-1.84)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.05 (1.01), 1.80 (0.34-7.54)	2.11 (0.93), 1.89 (0.17-5.82)	2.35 (0.99), 2.24 (0.42-7.21)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.64 (0.73), 2.50 (1.00-5.80)	2.80 (0.75), 2.80 (0.80-5.50)	3.51 (0.83), 3.50 (1.10-6.00)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.84 (1.73), 23.68 (18.07-29.17)	24.65 (1.90), 24.46 (16.23-31.99)	24.61 (2.02), 24.53 (17.72-39.00)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	113.47 (10.73), 113.00 (90.00-148.00)	118.85 (8.99), 120.00 (90.00-159.00)	126.11 (9.02), 126.00 (90.00-160.00)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	73.51 (6.58), 73.00 (56.00-96.00)	75.37 (5.95), 75.00 (60.00-106.00)	78.96 (6.52), 78.00 (60.00-96.00)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Gender				0.998	-
Male	195 (34.15)	197 (34.32)	196 (34.21)
Female	376 (65.85)	377 (65.68)	377 (65.79)
Education				0.112	-
Junior high school	115 (20.14)	145 (25.26)	153 (26.70)
Senior high school	264 (46.23)	256 (44.60)	240 (41.88)
College	162 (28.37)	145 (25.26)	142 (24.78)
Postgraduate	30 (5.25)	28 (4.88)	38 (6.63)
Marital status				0.217	-
Single	173 (30.30)	177 (30.84)	152 (26.53)
Marriage	398 (69.70)	397 (69.16)	421 (73.47)
Suicide attempt				< 0.001	-
No	502 (87.92)	515 (89.72)	355 (61.95)
Yes	69 (12.08)	59 (10.28)	218 (38.05)
Comorbid anxiety				< 0.001	-
No	138 (24.17)	154 (26.83)	46 (8.03)
Yes	433 (75.83)	420 (73.17)	527 (91.97)
Psychotic symptoms				< 0.001	-
No	548 (95.97)	544 (94.77)	455 (79.41)
Yes	23 (4.03)	30 (5.23)	118 (20.59)

¹P value was adjusted for potential confounders, including age (years), sex and body mass index (kg/m²).

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Citation: Deng HX, Liu YZ, Yang L, Liu JJ, Jia FN, Zhao XL, Xia XZ, Zhang XY, Du XD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116435
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i6/116435.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116435

Deng HX, Liu YZ, Yang L, Liu JJ, Jia FN, Zhao XL, Xia XZ, Zhang XY, Du XD. Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and suicide attempts in Chinese patients with first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(6): 116435 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i6.116435]

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