Effect of perioperative psychological nursing on anxiety, depression, and recovery in colorectal cancer surgery: A prospective study

Table 4 Postoperative pain scores and analgesic consumption, mean ± SD

Parameter	Intervention group	Control group	P value
NRS pain score at rest
24 hours	3.2 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 1.4	< 0.001
48 hours	2.8 ± 1.0	4.1 ± 1.3	< 0.001
72 hours	2.3 ± 0.9	3.6 ± 1.2	< 0.001
NRS pain score during movement
24 hours	4.8 ± 1.3	6.3 ± 1.6	< 0.001
48 hours	4.2 ± 1.2	5.8 ± 1.5	< 0.001
72 hours	3.6 ± 1.1	5.1 ± 1.4	< 0.001
Total opioid consumption (mg morphine equivalent)	45.3 ± 18.2	63.7 ± 24.5	< 0.001
Breakthrough analgesia doses	2.8 ± 1.6	4.5 ± 2.1	< 0.001
Pain interference with activity (0-10 scale)	3.9 ± 1.5	5.7 ± 1.8	< 0.001
Pain interference with sleep (0-10 scale)	3.4 ± 1.4	5.2 ± 1.7	< 0.001

P values were calculated using independent t-tests. NRS: Numerical Rating Scale (0-10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst imaginable pain).