Association between vascular risk factor clustering and post-stroke depression

Figure 1 Comparison of different groups. A: Comparison of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 scores among different patient groups. Post-stroke depression (PSD) patients had significantly higher mean scores (20.3 ± 3.2 points) compared to non-depressed patients (8.9 ± 2.8 points) and all patients overall (12.8 ± 5.4 points). Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between PSD and non-PSD groups (P < 0.001). Sample sizes: Total patients, n = 110, PSD patients, n = 38, non-PSD patients, n = 72; B: Comparison of functional assessment indicators between different risk groups. Blue bars represent the low-risk group (≤ 2 risk factors), and orange bars represent the high-risk group (≥ 3 risk factors). The Y-axis shows the percentage scores for each functional assessment. Data demonstrate that the low-risk group significantly outperformed the high-risk group in gait function, mobility independence, and self-care independence. HAMD-17: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17; PSD: Post-stroke depression; mRS: Modified Rankin Scale.