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Retrospective Study
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2026; 16(5): 119366
Published online May 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.119366
Table 3 Social alienation and psychological resilience scores (n = 289), mean ± SD
Scale/dimension
Number of items
Score range
Actual score
Item mean score
Total social alienation score1212-4829.87 ± 6.522.49 ± 0.54
Total psychological resilience score250-10056.34 ± 15.282.25 ± 0.61
Tenacity130-5228.96 ± 8.432.23 ± 0.65
Strength80-3218.52 ± 5.172.32 ± 0.65
Optimism40-168.86 ± 2.942.22 ± 0.74


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