Correlation of objective mobile phone use time and mobile phone addiction with depressive and anxiety symptoms in young adults

Table 3 Gender-specific associations of objectively measured mobile phone use time and mobile phone addiction with depressive and anxiety symptoms

Smartphone use	Depressive symptoms, OR (95%CI)		P for interaction	Anxiety symptoms, OR (95%CI)		P for interaction
	Male	Female		Male	Female
Mobile phone use time (hours/day), per 3 hours/day	0.98 (0.98-1.00)	1.02 (1.01-1.03)	< 0.001	1.01 (0.99-1.02)	1.03 (1.02-1.04)	0.017
Mobile phone use time (hours/day)			0.043			0.301
0-3	1.24 (1.02-1.52)	1.14 (0.98-1.33)		0.99 (0.83-1.19)	0.94 (0.82-1.08)
3-6	1.00 (0.81-1.25)	0.91 (0.77-1.07)		0.99 (0.82-1.20)	0.95 (0.83-1.10)
6-9	Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
9-12	1.06 (0.87-1.30)	1.17 (1.02-1.34)		1.02 (0.85-1.21)	1.14 (1.01-1.28)
≥ 12	1.03 (0.79-1.34)	1.36 (1.16-1.61)		1.18 (1.94-1.48)	1.35 (1.16-1.56)
Mobile phone addiction			0.893			0.280
No	Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
Yes	3.49 (3.02-4.04)	3.53 (3.19-3.91)		3.52 (3.08-4.02)	3.84 (3.50-4.22)
MPATS score, per 5 score	1.33 (1.29-1.37)	1.41 (1.37-1.44)	0.003	1.35 (1.32-1.39)	1.44 (1.41-1.47)	< 0.001
MPATS-salience, per 1 score	1.23 (1.20-1.25)	1.27 (1.25-1.29)	0.026	1.22 (1.19-1.24)	1.25 (1.23-1.27)	0.034
MPATS-withdrawal symptoms, per 1 score	1.13 (1.11-1.15)	1.15 (1.13-1.16)	0.057	1.15 (1.13-1.16)	1.17 (1.16-1.18)	0.017
MPATS-social comfort, per 1 score	1.23 (1.20-1.26)	1.24 (1.22-1.27)	0.621	1.24 (1.22-1.27)	1.24 (1.22-1.26)	0.729
MPATS-mood changes, per 1 score	1.27 (1.24-1.31)	1.29 (1.27-1.32)	0.281	1.30 (1.27-1.33)	1.34 (1.31-1.36)	0.047

All results were adjusted for grade, race, registered permanent residence, siblings, parental educational attainment, family disasters, hospitalization experiences, failed exams, and failed relationships, current smoking, current drinking, physical activity, and rational diet. MPATS: Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.