Correlation of objective mobile phone use time and mobile phone addiction with depressive and anxiety symptoms in young adults

Table 2 Associations of mobile phone use time and mobile phone addiction with depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Smartphone use	Depressive symptoms OR (95%CI)			Anxiety symptoms OR (95%CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Mobile phone use time (hours/day), per 3 hours/day	1.03 (1.00-1.07)	1.03 (1.00 1.06)	1.02 (0.99-1.05)	1.08 (1.05-1.11)	1.12 (1.03-1.21)	1.07 (1.04-1.10)
Mobile phone use time hours/day
0-3	1.18 (1.05-1.23)	1.21 (1.07-1.36)	1.18 (1.05-1.33)	0.96 (0.87-1.06)	0.98 (0.88-1.08)	0.97 (0.87-1.07)
3-6	0.90 (0.80-1.03)	0.93 (0.82-1.06)	0.94 (0.82-1.07)	0.93 (0.83-1.03)	0.95 (0.85-1.06)	0.96 (0.86-1.08)
6-9	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
9-12	1.17 (1.05-1.30)	1.15 (1.03-1.29)	1.14 (1.02-1.27)	1.13 (1.03-1.24)	1.11 (1.01-1.23)	1.10 (1.01-1.21)
≥ 12	1.34 (1.17-1.53)	1.29 (1.12-1.48)	1.26 (1.10-1.45)	1.35 (1.20-1.52)	1.30 (1.15-1.47)	1.29 (1.14-1.46)
Mobile phone addiction
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Yes	3.92 (3.61-4.25)	3.72 (3.43 4.04)	3.53 (3.25-3.84)	4.05 (3.76-4.36)	3.84 (3.56 4.13)	3.73 (3.46-4.03)
MPATS score, per 5 score	1.41 (1.39-1.44)	1.39 (1.37 1.42)	1.38 (1.35-1.40)	1.43 (1.41-1.46)	1.41 (1.39 1.43)	1.40 (1.38-1.43)
MPATS- salience, per 1 score	1.27 (1.26-1.29)	1.26 (1.25 1.28)	1.25 (1.24-1.27)	1.26 (1.24-1.27)	1.24 (1.23 1.26)	1.24 (1.22-1.25)
MPATS-withdrawal symptoms, per 1 score	1.16 (1.15-1.17)	1.15 (1.14 1.16)	1.14 (1.13 1.15)	1.17 (1.16-1.18)	1.16 (1.15 1.17)	1.16 (1.15-1.17)
MPATS-social comfort, per 1 score	1.26 (1.24-1.27)	1.25 (1.23 1.26)	1.24 (1.22-1.26)	1.25 (1.24-1.27)	1.24 (1.23 1.26)	1.24 (1.22-1.26)
MPATS-mood changes, per 1 score	1.32 (1.30-1.34)	1.30 (1.28 1.32)	1.29 (1.27-1.31)	1.35 (1.33-1.37)	1.33 (1.31 1.35)	1.32 (1.30-1.34)

Model 1 was adjusted for demographic information (gender, grade, race, registered permanent residence, siblings, and parental educational attainment). Model 2 was further adjusted for negative life events (family disasters, hospitalization experiences, failed exams, and failed relationships). Model 3 was further adjusted for health-related lifestyles (current smoking, current drinking, physical activity, and rational diet). MPATS: Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.