Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. May 19, 2026; 16(5): 117104
Published online May 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.117104
Published online May 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.117104
Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, n (%)/mean ± SD
| Characteristics | Participants | Depressive symptoms | P value | Anxiety symptoms | P value | ||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||
| Gender | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 5881 (35.3) | 4837 (82.2) | 1044 (17.8) | 4410 (75.0) | 1471 (25.0) | ||
| Female | 10787 (64.7) | 8573 (79.5) | 2214 (20.5) | 7668 (71.1) | 3119 (28.9) | ||
| Grade | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 1st | 4892 (29.3) | 4042 (82.6) | 850 (17.4) | 3781 (77.3) | 1111 (22.7) | ||
| 2nd | 3907 (23.4) | 3044 (77.9) | 863 (22.1) | 2775 (71.0) | 1132 (29.0) | ||
| 3rd | 3913 (23.5) | 3073 (78.5) | 840 (21.5) | 2717 (69.4) | 1196 (30.6) | ||
| 4th and above | 3956 (23.7) | 3251 (82.2) | 705 (17.8) | 2805 (70.9) | 1151 (29.1) | ||
| Race | 0.034 | 0.046 | |||||
| Han | 16169 (97.0) | 13027 (80.6) | 3142 (19.4) | 11736 (72.6) | 4433 (27.4) | ||
| Others | 499 (3.0) | 383 (76.8) | 116 (23.2) | 342 (68.5) | 157 (31.5) | ||
| Registered permanent residence | 0.020 | 0.180 | |||||
| Rural | 8993 (54.0) | 7176 (79.8) | 1817 (20.2) | 6478 (72.0) | 2515 (28.0) | ||
| Urban | 7675 (46.0) | 6234 (81.2) | 1441 (18.8) | 5600 (73.0) | 2075 (27.0) | ||
| Siblings | 0.010 | 0.135 | |||||
| No | 4940 (29.6) | 4035 (81.7) | 905 (18.3) | 3619 (73.3) | 1321 (26.7) | ||
| Yes | 11728 (70.4) | 9375 (79.9) | 2353 (20.1) | 8459 (72.1) | 3269 (27.9) | ||
| Maternal educational attainment | < 0.001 | 0.003 | |||||
| Middle school or under | 10726 (64.4) | 8523 (79.5) | 2203 (20.5) | 7684 (71.6) | 3042 (28.4) | ||
| High school | 3401 (20.4) | 2780 (81.7) | 621 (18.3) | 2494 (73.3) | 907 (26.7) | ||
| College or above | 2541 (15.2) | 2107 (82.9) | 434 (17.1) | 1900 (74.8) | 641 (25.2) | ||
| Paternal educational attainment | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Middle school or under | 9123 (54.7) | 7225 (79.2) | 1898 (20.8) | 6495 (71.2) | 2628 (28.8) | ||
| High school | 3697 (22.2) | 3033 (82.0) | 664 (18.0) | 2775 (75.1) | 922 (24.9) | ||
| College or above | 3848 (23.1) | 3152 (81.9) | 696 (18.1) | 2808 (73.0) | 1040 (27.0) | ||
| Current smoking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 14700 (88.2) | 11960 (81.4) | 2740 (18.6) | 10775 (73.3) | 3925 (26.7) | ||
| Yes | 1968 (11.8) | 1450 (73.7) | 518 (26.3) | 1303 (66.2) | 665 (33.8) | ||
| Current drinking | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 13485 (80.9) | 11104 (82.3) | 2381 (17.7) | 10070 (74.7) | 3415 (25.3) | ||
| Yes | 3183 (19.1) | 2306 (72.4) | 877 (27.6) | 2008 (63.1) | 1175 (36.9) | ||
| Rational diet | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 1294 (7.8) | 1161 (89.7) | 133 (10.3) | 1057 (81.7) | 237 (18.3) | ||
| No | 15374 (92.2) | 12249 (79.7) | 3125 (20.3) | 11021 (71.7) | 4353 (28.3) | ||
| Physical exercise | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Moderate or high | 4446 (26.7) | 3719 (83.6) | 727 (16.4) | 3325 (74.8) | 1121 (25.2) | ||
| Low | 12222 (73.3) | 9691 (79.3) | 2531 (20.7) | 8753 (71.6) | 3469 (28.4) | ||
| Family disasters | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 15041 (90.2) | 12188 (81.0) | 2853 (19.0) | 11025 (73.3) | 4016 (26.7) | ||
| Yes | 1627 (9.8) | 1222 (75.1) | 405 (24.9) | 1053 (64.7) | 574 (35.3) | ||
| Hospitalization experiences | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 15266 (91.6) | 12442 (81.5) | 2824 (18.5) | 11243 (73.6) | 4023 (26.4) | ||
| Yes | 1402 (8.4) | 968 (69.0) | 434 (31.0) | 835 (59.6) | 567 (40.4) | ||
| Failed exams | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 8549 (51.3) | 7242 (84.7) | 1307 (15.3) | 6717 (78.6) | 1832 (21.4) | ||
| Yes | 8119 (48.7) | 6168 (76.0) | 1951 (24.0) | 5361 (66.0) | 2758 (34.0) | ||
| Failed relationships | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 13642 (81.8) | 11294 (82.8) | 2348 (17.2) | 10248 (75.1) | 3394 (24.9) | ||
| Yes | 3026 (18.2) | 2116 (69.9) | 910 (30.1) | 1830 (60.5) | 1196 (39.5) | ||
| Mobile phone use time (hours/day) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0-3 | 3707 (22.2) | 2970 (80.1) | 737 (19.9) | 2755 (74.3) | 952 (25.7) | ||
| 3-6 | 2818 (16.9) | 2353 (83.5) | 465 (16.5) | 2099 (74.5) | 719 (25.5) | ||
| 6-9 | 4322 (25.8) | 3522 (81.5) | 800 (18.5) | 3156 (73.0) | 1166 (27.0) | ||
| 9-12 | 4114 (24.7) | 3253 (79.1) | 861 (20.9) | 2917 (70.9) | 1197 (29.1) | ||
| ≥ 12 | 1707 (10.2) | 1312 (76.9) | 395 (23.1) | 1151 (67.4) | 556 (32.6) | ||
| Mobile phone use time (hours/day) | 6.98 ± 4.11 | 6.92 ± 4.07 | 7.20 ± 4.28 | 0.001 | 6.86 ± 4.10 | 7.28 ± 4.16 | < 0.001 |
| Mobile phone addiction | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 11842 (71.0) | 10348 (87.4) | 1494 (12.6) | 9596 (81.0) | 2246 (19.0) | ||
| Yes | 4826 (29.0) | 3062 (63.4) | 1764 (36.6) | 2482 (51.4) | 2344 (48.6) | ||
| MPATS score | 39.3 ± 12.9 | 37.3 ± 12.4 | 47.8 ± 11.2 | < 0.001 | 36.5 ± 12.2 | 46.9 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
| MPATS-salience | 8.6 ± 3.3 | 8.1 ± 3.2 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 | 8.0 ± 3.1 | 10.3 ± 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| MPATS-withdrawal symptoms | 16.0 ± 5.3 | 15.2 ± 5.2 | 19.0 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 | 14.9 ± 5.1 | 18.9 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 |
| MPATS-social comfort | 7.5 ± 3.0 | 7.2 ± 2.9 | 9.2 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | 7.0 ± 2.9 | 9.0 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| MPATS-mood changes | 7.1 ± 2.8 | 6.7 ± 2.7 | 8.8 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 | 6.5 ± 2.6 | 8.7 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Wang WH, Wu MY, Zhang XK, Wang X, Yuan XX, Ma L, Li L, Zhang L. Correlation of objective mobile phone use time and mobile phone addiction with depressive and anxiety symptoms in young adults. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(5): 117104
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i5/117104.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i5.117104