Relationship between personality, resilience, and empathy among dental students: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Percentage, means, and standard deviations for the four empathy dimensions according to the demographic characteristics of the participants (n = 291), mean ± SD

Category	n	%	Perspective taking	Fantasy	Empathic concern	Personal distress
Sex
Male	120	41.2	13.20 ± 3.89	13.97 ± 3.65	15.04 ± 3.33	8.78 ± 4.49
Female	171	58.8	12.97 ± 3.07	15.22 ± 3.51	15.41 ± 3.42	9.50 ± 3.70
t value			-0.561	2.952	0.912	1.494
P value			0.576	0.003	0.363	0.136
Age
17-20	196	67.4	13.15 ± 3.34	15.10 ± 3.68	15.57 ± 3.45	9.34 ± 3.77
21-23	95	32.6	12.88 ± 3.62	13.91 ± 3.38	14.62 ± 3.16	8.93 ± 4.60
t value			0.626	2.65	2.249	0.82
P value			0.532	0.009	0.025	0.413
Ethnicity
Han	251	86.3	13.11 ± 3.50	14.69 ± 3.61	15.24 ± 3.39	9.21 ± 4.12
Other	40	13.7	12.78 ± 2.97	14.80 ± 3.70	15.35 ± 3.39	9.20 ± 3.65
t value			-0.576	0.179	0.185	-0.01
P value			0.565	0.858	0.853	0.992
Place of residence
Urban	192	66	13.30 ± 3.68	14.78 ± 3.73	15.04 ± 3.47	8.95 ± 4.26
Non-urban	99	43.1	12.62 ± 2.84	14.56 ± 3.41	15.69 ± 3.20	9.71 ± 3.58
t value			-1.608	-0.503	1.557	1.518
P value			0.109	0.615	0.121	0.13
Academic year
Junior grade	147	50.5	13.50 ± 3.50	15.37 ± 3.79	15.92 ± 3.52	9.01 ± 3.94
Senior grade	144	49.5	12.63 ± 3.31	14.03 ± 3.31	14.58 ± 3.11	9.40 ± 4.17
t value			2.181	3.207	3.425	-0.819
P value			0.03	0.001	0.001	0.414
Only child
Yes	184	63.2	13.19 ± 3.33	14.64 ± 3.75	15.07 ± 3.55	9.34 ± 4.03
No	107	36.8	12.86 ± 3.60	14.81 ± 3.41	15.58 ± 3.08	8.97 ± 4.10
t value			-0.779	0.39	1.237	-0.751
P value			0.437	0.697	0.217	0.453
Paternal education level
Elementary and secondary education	126	43.3	13.17 ± 3.64	14.91 ± 3.60	15.57 ± 3.24	9.34 ± 4.15
Higher education	165	56.7	12.99 ± 3.27	14.55 ± 3.64	15.02 ± 3.48	9.10 ± 3.99
t value			-0.44	-0.857	-1.383	-0.496
P value			0.66	0.392	0.168	0.62
Maternal education level
Elementary and secondary education	138	47.4	13.11 ± 3.55	14.86 ± 3.50	15.39 ± 3.11	9.18 ± 4.03
Higher education	153	52.6	13.03 ± 3.33	14.57 ± 3.73	15.14 ± 3.62	9.23 ± 4.09
t value			-0.205	-0.674	-0.639	0.1
P value	0.838	0.501	0.524	0.921