Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2026; 16(4): 114081
Published online Apr 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Table 4 Correlation matrix of psychological symptoms, adherence measures, and clinical outcomes

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1 PHQ-9 score	1.00
2 GAD-7 score	0.68^c	1.00
3 MARS-5 score	-0.42^c	-0.35^c	1.00
4 Appointment adherence	-0.38^c	-0.33^c	0.45^c	1.00
5 BCVA change (logMAR)	0.28^b	0.22^a	-0.31^c	-0.36^c	1.00
6 CST change (μm)	0.24^b	0.19^a	-0.26^b	-0.29^c	0.42^c	1.00
7 NEI VFQ-25 composite	-0.48^c	-0.41^c	0.39^c	0.43^c	-0.52^c	-0.38^c	1.00

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; MARS-5: Medication Adherence Report Scale-5; BCVA: Best-corrected visual acuity; CST: Central subfield thickness; NEI VFQ-25: National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25; LogMAR: Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.

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Citation: Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i4/114081.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081]

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