Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2026; 16(4): 114081
Published online Apr 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Table 3 Medication and appointment adherence by psychological status, n (%)

Adherence measure	Depression status			Anxiety status
Adherence measure	Present (n = 58)	Absent (n = 72)	P value	Present (n = 49)	Absent (n = 81)	P value
MARS-5 score
mean ± SD	17.2 ± 2.8	21.6 ± 2.9	< 0.001	17.2 ± 3.1	21.1 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Poor (< 17),	34 (58.6)	22 (30.6)	0.001	28 (57.1)	28 (34.6)	0.011
Moderate (17-22)	18 (31.0)	25 (34.7)		15 (30.6)	28 (34.6)
Good (≥ 23)	6 (10.3)	25 (34.7)		6 (12.2)	25 (30.9)
Appointment adherence
mean ± SD	68.2 ± 19.3	83.0 ± 14.6	< 0.001	69.8 ± 19.8	80.5 ± 16.1	0.001
< 70%	26 (44.8)	16 (22.2)	0.006	24 (49.0)	18 (22.2)	0.001
70%-89%	22 (37.9)	28 (38.9)		16 (32.7)	34 (42.0)
≥ 90%	10 (17.2)	28 (38.9)		9 (18.4)	29 (35.8)
Injection interval consistency
CV of intervals	38.4 ± 12.6	28.2 ± 10.3	< 0.001	36.8 ± 13.2	30.1 ± 11.4	0.003
Reasons for non-adherence
Forgetfulness	42 (72.4)	28 (38.9)	< 0.001	36 (73.5)	34 (42.0)	< 0.001
Cost concerns	22 (37.9)	18 (25.0)	0.111	19 (38.8)	21 (25.9)	0.120
Transportation issues	18 (31.0)	12 (16.7)	0.049	16 (32.7)	14 (17.3)	0.042
Fear of injections	28 (48.3)	14 (19.4)	< 0.001	31 (63.3)	11 (13.6)	< 0.001

CV: Coefficient of variation; MARS-5: Medication Adherence Report Scale-5.

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Citation: Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i4/114081.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081]

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