Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2026; 16(4): 114081
Published online Apr 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Table 2 Distribution of depression and anxiety severity among patients with diabetic macular edema, n (%)

Severity category	Depression (PHQ-9)	Anxiety (GAD-7)
Minimal (0-4)	72 (55.4)	81 (62.3)
Mild (5-9)	36 (27.7)	31 (23.8)
Moderate (10-14)	14 (10.8)	12 (9.2)
Moderately severe/severe (≥ 15)	8 (6.2)	6 (4.6)
Clinical threshold (≥ 10)	22 (16.9)	18 (13.8)
Any symptoms (≥ 5)	58 (44.6)	49 (37.7)
Comorbid depression and anxiety	36 (27.7)

PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

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Citation: Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i4/114081.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081

Jin YL, Li SW, Wang YM, Lu B, Wang XN, Long D. Association between depression, anxiety, and treatment adherence in patients with diabetic macular edema. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 114081 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.114081]

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