Risk factors and prediction model for depressive disorder in survivors of acute cerebral hemorrhage

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data, n (%)/mean ± SD/medians (interquartile range)

Grouping1	Depression group (n = 90)	Non-depressed group (n = 109)	t/χ2	P value
Age (years)	67.18 ± 13.14	61.64 ± 14.84	2.757	0.006
Gender			0.051	0.821
Male	60 (66.67)	71 (65.14)
Female	30 (33.33)	38 (34.86)
Length of hospital stay (days)	31.98 ± 15.25	26.44 ± 14.19	2.649	0.009
History of atrial fibrillation	5 (5.56)	5 (4.59)	0.097	0.756
Medication history
Statins	23 (25.56)	24 (22.02)	0.342	0.559
Anticoagulation	37 (41.11)	46 (42.20)	0.024	0.877
Imaging indicators
Hematoma volume (mL)	88.62 (36.95, 113.80)	73.14 (49.80, 99.11)	2.001	0.045
Hematoma location			8.284	0.040
Lobe	17 (18.89)	35 (32.11)
Deep (basal ganglia/thalamus)	62 (68.89)	58 (53.21)
Infratentorial (cerebellum/brainstem)	9 (10.00)	8 (7.34)
Mixed area	2 (2.22)	8 (7.34)
Break into ventricle	25 (27.78)	35 (32.11)	0.439	0.507
Brain edema	16 (17.78)	20 (18.35)	0.011	0.917
Midline brain shift	36 (40.00)	25 (22.94)	6.753	0.009
Brain atrophy grade			7.916	0.048
0 points	37 (41.11)	65 (59.63)
1 point	29 (32.22)	27 (24.77)
2 points	23 (25.56)	17 (15.60)
3 points	1 (1.11)	0 (0.00)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage	8 (8.89)	15 (13.76)	1.145	0.285
Laboratory indicators
Preprotein (mg/L)	231.48 ± 69.02	241.79 ± 67.04	1.065	0.288
Albumin (g/L)	33.33 (30.36, 35.91)	37.94 (34.88, 41.24)	6.727	< 0.001
Uric acid (μmol/L)	284.17 ± 117.20	289.73 ± 122.50	0.325	0.745
Random blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.57 (4.88, 6.50)	5.43 (4.87, 6.37)	0.579	0.563
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.26 ± 0.95	4.40 ± 0.93	0.981	0.328
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.59 ± 0.99	1.76 ± 0.95	1.220	0.224
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.01 (0.88, 1.21)	1.09 (0.96, 1.25)	2.074	0.038
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.68 ± 0.74	2.71 ± 0.68	0.273	0.785
Prothrombin time (seconds)	11.78 ± 1.15	11.84 ± 1.61	0.323	0.747
International normalized ratio	1.04 ± 0.11	1.05 ± 0.15	0.518	0.605
Activated partial thromboplastin time (seconds)	30.63 ± 4.19	30.06 ± 3.55	1.046	0.297
Fibrinogen (g/L)	3.54 ± 1.00	3.47 ± 1.27	0.406	0.685
Related rating scale
Van Swieten score (points)	1.03 (0.00, 2.00)	0.86 (0.00, 1.00)	1.457	0.145
Glasgow Outcome Scale score (points)	4.51 ± 0.72	4.48 ± 0.74	0.326	0.744
Mini-Mental State Examination score (points)	26.58 ± 6.28	25.95 ± 6.44	0.692	0.490
Modified Rankin Scale score (points)	2.77 (2.00, 3.00)	1.85 (1.00, 2.00)	6.160	< 0.001

¹This table compares the baseline characteristics of acute intracerebral hemorrhage survivors in the depression group and non-depression group using appropriate statistical methods. Normally distributed continuous variables (e.g., age, expressed as mean ± SD) were compared by independent-samples t-test; non-normally distributed continuous variables [e.g., hematoma volume, expressed as median (interquartile range)] were compared by Mann-Whitney U test; categorical variables [e.g., gender, expressed as n (%)] were compared by Pearson’s χ² test. The results showed significant differences in age, hematoma volume and other indicators between the two groups (P < 0.05).