Psychological states in diabetic retinopathy: Social support correlates and risk factors

doi:10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.112523

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Psychiatry. Apr 19, 2026; 16(4): 112523
Published online Apr 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.112523

Table 7 Multivariable evaluation of determinants affecting psychological distress in diabetic retinopathy individuals

Variable	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Course of DM (years)	1.097	0.460	5.684	0.017	2.995	1.215-7.378
Per capita monthly household income (CNY)	-1.007	0.533	3.563	0.059	0.365	0.129-1.039
Visual disturbance comorbidity	1.715	0.612	7.848	0.005	5.559	1.674-18.460
Coexisting hypertension	1.348	0.494	7.456	0.006	3.851	1.463-10.137
Familial DM history	1.458	0.573	6.483	0.011	4.299	1.399-13.211
SSRS (points)	-1.072	0.450	5.679	0.017	0.342	0.142-0.827

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; DM: Diabetes mellitus; SSRS: Social Support Rating Scale; CNY: Chinese yuan.

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Citation: Yuan Y, Jian FJ, Wang L, Zhou BQ, Lin WE, Pang L, Wang Y. Psychological states in diabetic retinopathy: Social support correlates and risk factors. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 112523
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i4/112523.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.112523

Yuan Y, Jian FJ, Wang L, Zhou BQ, Lin WE, Pang L, Wang Y. Psychological states in diabetic retinopathy: Social support correlates and risk factors. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(4): 112523 [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i4.112523]

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