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Case Control Study
©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 115163
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.115163
Figure 3
Figure 3 Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, and interleukin-18 concentrations before after electroconvulsive therapy in responders and non-responders. A: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels; B: Interleukin-8 levels (log-transformed); C: Interleukin-18 levels (log-transformed). They were compared between responders and non-responders before (white bars) and after (gray bars) electroconvulsive therapy treatment. ECT: Electroconvulsive therapy; IL: Interleukin-8; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.


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