©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2026; 16(3): 115163
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.115163
Published online Mar 19, 2026. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.115163
Figure 2 Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, and interleukin-18 concentrations in healthy controls and acute schizophrenia patients before and after electroconvulsive therapy.
A: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels; B: Interleukin-8 levels (log-transformed); C: Interleukin-18 levels (log-transformed). This compared among three groups: (1) Before electroconvulsive therapy; (2) After electroconvulsive therapy; and (3) Healthy controls. ECT: Electroconvulsive therapy; IL: Interleukin-8; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
- Citation: Xu L, Zhang XB, Luan LS, Yang M, Zhang J, Yang HD, Tang XW. Electroconvulsive therapy alters serum cytokine levels and correlates with symptom improvement in patients with acute schizophrenia. World J Psychiatry 2026; 16(3): 115163
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v16/i3/115163.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v16.i3.115163